Compositions of 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts and method of lowering blood sugar levels with same

ABSTRACT

Pharmaceutical compositions containing a 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salt as active component are described, along with methods of using same. These active components exhibit hypoglycemic activity as evidenced by their ability to lower blood sugar levels.

States ateIIt [191 She lock June 18, 1974 [75] Inventor: Margaret Sherlock, Bloomfield, NJ. [73] Assignee: Schering Corporation, Bloomfield,

[22] Filed: Apr. 12, 1972 [21 Appl. No.: 243,429

[52] US. Cl. 424/273 [51] Int. Cl Alk 27/00 [58] Field of Search 424/273 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,350,407 lO/l967 Flecher et al 260/3l0 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 53, (1961), 5472.

Primary ExaminerStanley J. Friedman Assistant ExaminerFreden'ck E. Waddell Attorney, Agent, or FirmMary S. King ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical compositions containing a 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salt as active component are described, along with methods of using same. These active components exhibit hypoglycemic activity as evidenced by their ability to lower blood sugar levels.

28 Claims, N0 Drawings COMPOSITIONS OF 1,2-DILOWER ALKYL ARYLPYRAZOLIUM QUATERNARY SALTS AND METHOD OF LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS WITH SAME BACKGROUND OF INVENTION This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions and to the method of using said compositions.

More specifically, this invention relates to novel compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salt for use in lowering blood sugar levels in warm blooded animal subjects, and to the process of using such compositions to lower blood sugar levels in warm blooded animal subjects.

PRIOR ART SUMMARY OF INVENTION The invention sought to be patented in its composition aspect resides in the concept of an orally administrable pharmaceutical composition for lowering blood sugar levels in warm blooded animal subjects comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective blood sugar lowering amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of l,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts defined by following structural formula I:

ea X I? R R1 wherein each of R, and R is a lower alkyl; each of R R and R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical having up to carbon atoms, and a hydrocarbon radical having up to ID carbon atoms substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen and lower alkoxy; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;

with the proviso that at least one of R R and R must be phenyl or phenyl substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl. and lower alkoxy.

The invention sought to be patented in its process aspect resides in the concept of a process for the lowering of blood sugar levels in warm blooded animal subjects which comprises orally administering to such subjects an effective blood sugar lowering amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of a 1,2- dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salt of above structural formula I.

The composition and process aspects of this invention are preferably carried out utilizing pharmaceutically acceptable quaternary salts of formula I wherein R. and R are methyl and at least one of R R and R is phenyl or phenyl substituted by methyl. Particularly preferred are compositions containing as active ingredient an effective blood sugar lowering amount of a l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl(or tolyl)-pyrazolium salt (particularly the chloride and methyl sulfate salts thereof) of formula I having at G4 a hydrogen or methyl group, and at C-5 a hydrogen, methyl or phenyl group, and the process of orally administering said preferred compositions to warm blooded animal subjects for the lowering of blood sugar levels in said subjects.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION The active components of the compositions of this invention are 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts of formula I set forth hereinabove.

The compounds of formula I exist in several resonance forms depending upon the position of the positive charge of the quaternary salts defined thereby, said positive charge being distributed between the two nitrogen atoms and the two carbon atoms in the pyrazolium ring adjacent to said nitrogen atoms.

In accordance with established practice, the compounds of this invention are depicted by structural formula l as shown hereinabove with the positive charge at the center of the structural formula and with the double bonds omitted therefrom, which formula inherently includes all the resonance forms of the compounds defined thereby, as shown hereinbelow:

In this specification and in the claims, a compound named as a 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium salt, e.g., l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, is to be construed as inherently including all the resonance forms thereof. It is to be noted also, in view of the symmetry and resonance forms of the pyrazolium ion, that when R equals R positions three and five are equivalent; therefore, the aforenamed compound is identical with the compound named as 1,2,4-trimethyl-5- phenylpyrazolium chloride.

With reference to the active components as defined by formula I of the compositions of this invention, included within the term lower alkyl are hydrocarbon radicals having up to four carbon atoms including methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, and tertbutyl.

By the term hydrocarbon radicals having up to 10 carbon atoms are included alkyl radicals (both straight chain and branched) such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, octyl, decyl; aralkyl radicals such as benzyl; and

aryl radicals such as phenyl, tolyl (o, m, and p), xylyl, 1,3,4-trimethylphenyl, and tert-butylphenyl.

Contemplated as included within the term pharmaceutically acceptable anions are inorganic and or ganic anions such as halides (e.g., chloride, bromide, iodide), lower alkanoates (e.g., acetate and propionate), phosphate, nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, fumarate, succinate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate and the like. Among the preferred quaternary salts of this invention are those wherein the anion, X, is bromide, chloride, iodide or methyl sulfate.

By lower alkanoate is contemplated acid radicals of alkanoic acids having up to eight carbon atoms including acetic acid, propionic acid, caproic acid, valeric acid and caprylic acid.

In general, compounds embracing the various quaternary anions, if not available directly on synthesis, may be obtained by application of a suitable anion exchange method carried out according to general procedures known in the art.

Included among the active components of the compositions of the present invention are compounds of formula I wherein R, and R are methyl such as: I,2,3-trimethyl-4-phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2,3-trimethyl-4-(p-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolium fumarate, l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium iodide, l,2-dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium methyl sulfate,

1 ,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, 1,2,4-trimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)-pyrazolium iodide, l,2-dimethyl'3,4-diphenylpyrazolium iodide, l,2-dimethyl-3-( 3 4'-dimethylphenyl)-pyrazolium chloride,

1 ,2,4,5-tetramethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium iodide and the like.

Of the foregoing, particularly valuable as hypoglycemic agents, as evidenced by their ability to lower blood sugar levels in warm blooded animals are the l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl(or 3-tolyl)-pyrazolium chlorides, iodides and methyl sulfate quaternary salts having a hydrogen or a lower alkyl group at C-4 and a hydrogen, methyl or phenyl group at C-5. Of these, 1,2,4- trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride is a preferred active component for use in the compositions and method of this invention.

PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA I ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR THE COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF THIS INVENTION The 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts of formula I, active ingredients of the compositions of this invention can be prepared via different methods as described below, which include reactions of a 3-pyrazoline with a hydride abstractor and a source of a pharmaceutically acceptable anion (e.g., as in Procedures A, B, D and E); alkylation reactions with an N- substituted pyrazole (e.g., as in Procedures C and F); and condensation reactions with a substituted B-dicarbonyl and a dilower alkyl hydrazine dihalide (e.g., Procedure H).

Procedure A A convenient one-step procedure for preparing 1,2- dilower alkyl-3(or 4)-phenyl(or substituted phenyl)- pyrazolium salts is by treating the corresponding 3 pyrazoline with an acid which can act as a hydride acceptor (e.g., fumaric and maleic acid) whereby is formed a quaternary pyrazolium salt having the acid anion. Thus, for example, when equimolar quantities of l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline and furmaric acid are heated together in refluxing alcohol there is formed about 50 percent yield of 1,2-dimethyl-3- phenylpyrazolium furnarate as shown below:

11000-011 ooccH Ti H- -co0n T] ndcooir H3CN Ethanol HaC--N e This reaction can also be carried out using other similar hydride abstractors such as triphenylmethyl fluoborate and triphenylmethyl perchlorate whereby are obtained the corresponding fluoborate and perchlorate quaternary salts, respectively. These salts are suitable for characterization of the compounds and may be converted to pharmaceutically acceptable salts by application of an appropriate anion exchange method carried out according to general procedures known in the art.

When carrying out this reaction utilizing triphenylmethyl fluoborate or triphenylmethyl perchlorate as hydride abstractors, aprotic halogenated solvents, (e.g., chloroform, carbontetrachloride and methylene chloride) may be used as well as sulfur dioxide and acetonitrile.

H O I CH3 CH3 The above procedure provides a convenient method of preparaing l,2-dilower alkylpyrazolium halides having unlike alkyl groups on each nitrogen atom. Thus, if ethyl iodide is used as reagent in the above-described process, there is formed l-methyl-2-ethyl-3,4- diphenylpyrazolium iodide.

Bromide and chloride quaternary salts of l,2-dilower alkylpyrazolium cations are also formed by the above process by utilizing alkyl bromides or alkyl chlorides in place of alkyl iodides.

Procedure D Bromide quaternary salts are also prepared by treating a l,2-dilower alkyl-3-aryI-3-pyrazoline (e.g. 1,2,4- trimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline) with bromine in chloroform whereby is obtained the corresponding l,2- dilower aIkyl-3-aryl-pyrazolium bromide (e.g., 1,2,4- trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium bromide).

Procedure E In yet another procedure, the foregoing conversion is effected by the use of N-bromosuccinimide rather than bromine. For example, l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenyl-3- pyrazoline in a chlorinated solvent such as chloroform or carbon tetrachloride upon treatment with N- bromosuccinimide with irradiation or in the presence of a catalytic quantity of benzoylperoxide will yield 1,2- ,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium bromide.

Procedure F Another alkylation process is that wherein a l-lower alkyl pyrazole (e.g., l-methyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazole) is treated with an esterified acid as alkylating agent such as dimethyl sulfate in an inert solvent (e.g., benzene) whereby there is formed the acid anion (e.g., methyl sulfate) quaternary salt of the corresponding l,2- dimethylpyrazolium cation (e.g., l,2-dimethyl-3,5- diphenylpyrazolium methyl sulfate). Other esterified acid alkylating agents which may be used in this process are methyl methanesulfonate, methyl ethanesulfonate, methyl benzenesulfonate, methyl p-toluenesulfonate methyl fluorosulfonate, trimethyloxonium fluoroborate, whereby are obtained the corresponding methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate,

quaternary salts, respectively, of the 1,2- dimethylpyrazolium cation, e.g. 1,2-dimethyI-3,5- diphenylpyrazolium.

fluorosulfonate and fluoroborate In the above procedure, by utilizing other lower alkyl esters of the alkylating agents, e.g., diethyl sulfate, ethyl p-toluenesulfonate, and triethyloxonium fluoroborate, there are prepared the corresponding lower alkyl quaternary salts. This process thus provides a method for preparing mixed l,2-dilower alkyl derivatives of formula I. Thus, for example, I-methyl-3,5- diphenylpyrazole upon treatment with diethyl sulfate and ethyl p-toluenesulfonate produces l-methyl-2- ethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium ethyl sulfate and p-toluenesulfonate, respectively.

Procedure G The l,2-dilower alkylpyrazolium lower alkanoate (e.g., acetate, propionate) quaternary salts can be prepared from the corresponding l,2-dilower alkyl-3- pyrozolines by treatment thereof with the mercuric salt of the desired cation, e.g., mercuric acetate and mercuric propionate, respectively, in the presence of an aq ueous solution of the corresponding acid. Thus, for example, when 1,2-dimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)-3-pyrazoline is heated with four equivalents of mercuric acetate in 5 percent aqueous acetic acid for several hours, there is obtained l,2-dimethyl-3-(p-tolyI)-pyrazolium acetate.

Procedure H Compounds of formula l are also prepared by treating a B-dicarbonyl compound with a dilower alkyl hydrazine and an acid (preferably hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid or perchloric acid), as shown hereinbelow wherein R R R R R and X are defined as in formula I:

R 114 RINHNHR: l e COR R3 CO CH 5 EX RFN R5 X Thus, upon treatment of l,3-diphenyl-l,3-

propanedione with dimethylhydrazine and hydrogen iodide there is obtained l,2-dimethyl-3,5- diphenylpyrazolium iodide.

In the foregoing procedure, by using other acids in place of hydroiodic acid (e.g., hydrobromic, hydrochloric, perchloric, sulfuric, phosphoric and nitric acids), there is obtained the corresponding quaternary salt (e.g., the bromide, chloride, perchlorate, sulfate, phosphate and nitrate salts, respectively).

THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE INVENTION AND THEIR USE IN THE METHOD OF THE INVENTION The pharmaceutically acceptable l,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts of formula I, the active components of the compositions of this invention, exhibit hypoglycemic activity in warm blooded animals which indicates them to be useful in medicaments in the lowering of blood sugar levels. When the active components (i.e., compounds of formula I) are administered orally to fasted mice (CP which have been given alanine or to fasted guinea pigs, a reduction of blood sugar is observed. The active components of this invention in aqueous solutions or aqueous carboxymethylcellulose suspensions are administered by gavage to 24 hour fasted mice made hyperglycemic by the administration of l-alanine, or to fasted guinea pigs.

Plasma glucose is determined either with the Technicon Autoanalyzer or fluorometrically using the Hexokinase-glucose-G-phosphate dehydrogenase coupled assay. Data is expressed as the percent change of blood glucose in an animal treated with a pyrazolium salt of this invention as compared with the average blood glucose concentration of a placebo injected group. The results show that the active components of the present invention are useful in lowering the blood glucose concentration of warm blooded animals. Thus, for example, compositions of this invention containing as active ingredient one of l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, 1,Z-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, and 1,2- dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium methyl sulfate produces about a 50 percent or greater reduction in plasma glucose in mice and in guinea pigs when administered orally at a dose of 20-30 mgjkg. A similar degree of reduction in plasma glucose in mice and guinea pigs is produced by l,2,4-trimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)- pyrazolium iodide when administered orally at a dose of about 50 mg./kg.

The active components of this invention may be used for the lowering of blood glucose levels in warm blooded animals at an oral dose of from about i to about 200 mg. per kilogram of body weight per day.

Of the active components of this invention, a particularly preferred species are the chloride quaternary salts of l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl(or 3-tolyl)-pyrazoliums having a hydrogen or methyl group at each of O4 and a hydrogen, methyl or phenyl group at C-5 in view of their superior ability to lower blood sugar levels in warm blooded animals. Additionally, it has been discovered that compounds of this preferred species also exhibit anti-obesity properties as evidenced by their ability to inhibit lipogenesis when administered via the oral route to male adult Charles River rats (CD strain). Thus, for example, l,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride and 1,2- dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium methyl sulfate inhibit lipogenesis when administered orally to male Charles River rats at a dose of about 30 mg./kg. The combination of hypoglycemic and anti-obesity properties exhibited by the preferred species of the active components of the compositions of this invention render them of particular value as hypoglycemic agents in view of the known association of obesity with hyperglycemia in warm blooded animals.

In connection with the use of the pharmaceutically acceptable 1,2-dilower alltyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts in the process of lowering blood sugar levels in warm blooded animals, it is to be noted they are administered together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to form the compositions of this invention and that such administration can be carried out in both single and multiple dosages. The active components of this invention as hypoglycemic agents can be incorporated into various pharmaceutical forms for oral administration such as tablets, capsules, pills, elixirs and so forth, for immediate or sustained release by combin ing the suitable carriers. The compositions of this invention may be in the form of dosage units for a single therapeutic dose or in small units for multiple dosages or in larger units for division into single doses. The daily dosage in warm blooded animals via the oral route usually ranges from about l mg. to about 200 mg. per kilogram body weight. Obviously, in addition to the active compounds of formula I, the compositions of this invention are comprised also of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including excipients, binders, fillers and other therapeutically inert ingredients necessary in the formulation of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention.

Preferred for use as active components in the compositions and process of this invention are compounds of formula I wherein R and R are methyl and R is phenyl or tolyl, and particularly those wherein R and R are hydrogen or lower alkyl, e.g., methyl. Of particu lar value are the chloride quaternary salts of formula l (i.e., compounds wherein X is chloride).

It is understood that included within the scope of this invention are compositions having hypoglycemic activity which contain a compound of formula l wherein one or more of substituents R R R R or R are different from but, to one skilled in the art, obvious equivalents of the substituents as specifically described herein. For example, a composition having hypoglycemic activity comprising a compound of formula I wherein a substituent R R or R is a hydrocarbon having up to 12 carbon atoms (e.g., wherein R is cyclohexylphenyl) is considered equivaient to the compositions specifically described herein, and as being included within the scope of the claimed invention.

The examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention, but the invention is not to be construed as limited in scope thereby.

PROCEDURE 1 l ,Z-Dimethyl-3-substituted3-pyrazolines A. l,2,4-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline To 300 ml. absolute ethanol add 0.3 mole propiophenone (40 g.), 0.3 mole dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (40 g.), 0.54 moles paraformaldehyde (16.2 g.) and 1 ml. concentrated hydrochloric acid, and heat at reflux temperature for 5 hours. Neutralize with aqueous sodium hydroxide, then concentrate the solution to a residue comprising l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenyl3- pyrazoline. Purify by distillation, b.p. 90C/ 1.5 mm. Hg.

in the above procedure, by using other 1,2-dialkylhydrazines such as 1,2-diethylhydrazine or 1,2-di-(npropyl)-hydrazine instead of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, there is obtained the corresponding l,2-diethyl or 1,2 di-(n-propyl) derivative, i.e., l,2-diethyl-3-phenyl-4- methyl3-pyrazoline or l,Z-di-(n-propyi)-3-phenyl-4- methyl3-pyrazoline, respectively. B. Essentially follow the procedure described in above Procedure A to prepare the compounds listed below using in each case the appropriate ketone, together with dimethylhydrazine, dihydrochloride, paraformaldehyde, and small quantities of concentrated hydrochloric acid:

l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline, b.p. 88-92Cl2 mm. Hg, l,2-dimethyl-3-(p-tolyl )3-pyrazoline, -l05C/20 mm. Hg. (mp. 60C),

l,2-dimethyl-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p. l00105C/2O mm. Hg. (mp. l820C), l,2-dimethyl3-( p-fluorophenyl )-3-pyrazoline, b.p. 80-90C/0.l mm. Hg, l,2-dimethyl-3-(p-bromophenyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p. l05C/0.l mm. Hg. (m.p. 30C (hexane) l ,2-dimethyl-3-(p-methoxyphenyl )-3-pyrazoline, ll0-l20C/0.0l mm. Hg,

b.p. l 00 9 l,2-dimethyl-3-(2, 4'-dimethylphenyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p. 105-110C/20 mm. Hg, l,2-dimethyl-3-( 3 ,4-dimethylphenyl )-3-pyrazoline, b.p. l-l15C/20 mm. Hg.,

1 ,2-dirnethyl-3-(m-tolyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p. 90-95C/ 1 5 mm. Hg., l,2-dimethyl-3-(o-tolyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p.

9095C/15 mm. Hg., and 1,2-dimethyl-3-(m-fluorophenyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p. 100-105C/20 mm. Hg.

PROCEDURE 2 1 ,2Dimethyl-3-substituted-3-pyrazolines Alternatively, the l,2-dimethyl'3-substituted-3- pyrazoline compounds can be prepared according to the following procedures by treating the appropriate Mannich base with dimethylhydrazine in ethanol.

A. 1,2-Dimethy1-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline To 90 ml. of absolute ethanol add 0.1 mole of B-dimethylaminopropiophenone (Mannich base prepared by reaction of acetophenone, fonnaldehyde and dimethylamide) and 0.1 mole of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Heat the reaction mixture at reflux temperature for 12 hours, then evaporate the solvent in vacuo to a residue comprising 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3- pyrazoline. Purify by distillation, b.p. 1 15120C/20 mm. Hg. (yield =11 -l2 g.).

B. 1,2,3-Trimethyl-4-phenyl-3-pyrazoline and 1,2,3- trimethyl-4-( p-chlorophenyl )-3-pyrazoline Prepare the Mannich base of methyl benzyl ketone according to known procedures by reaction thereof with formaldehyde and dimethylamine hydrochloride in ethanol.

Prepare a solution of 0.1 mole of the Mannich base of methyl benzyl ketone and 0.1 mole of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in 100 ml. ofabsolute ethanol. Heat the solution at reflux temperature for 12 hours and evaporate the solvent in vacuo to a residue comprising 1,2,3- trimethyl-4-phenyl-3-pyrazoline. Purify by distillation, b.p. 1031l0C/2.0 mm. Hg. Purify further by recrystallization from hexane, m.p. 4850C.

ln a manner similar to that described hereinabove, prepare the Mannich base of methyl p-chlorobenzyl ketone and treat it with an equimolar quantity of dimethylhydrazine in absolute ethanol. Isolate and purify the resultant product in a manner similar to that to obtain 1,2,3-trimethyl-4-(p-chloro-phenyl)-3-pyrazoline, b.p. l55C/8.0 mm. Hg. which can be further purified by crystallization from petroleum ether, m.p. 7576C.

PROCEDURE 3 1,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-5 -substituted-3-pyrazolines A. 1.2,5-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline Method 1 Prepare a solution of 0.1 mole of phenyl propenyl ketone. 0.1 mole of l,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride and a few drops of hydrochloric acid in 100 ml. of absolute ethanol. Heat the solution for three hours at reflux temperature, distill the solvent in vacuo and make the resultant residue alkaline by adding dilute aqueous sodium carbonate in the cold. Extract the aqueous mixture with ether, combine the ether extract, evaporate the ethereal solution to a residue comprising 1,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline. Purify by distil- 10 lation, b.p. 130C/2O mm. Hg. (yield 5-6 g.).

Method 11 Prepare a solution of 0.1 mole of phenyl propenyl ketone, 0.1 mole of l,2-dimethylhydrazine and a catalytic quantity of p-toluenesulfonic acid in 100 ml. of absolute ethanol. Heat the solution at reflux temperature for 12 hours, then evaporate the solvent in vacuo and distill the residue to obtain 9.92 g. of 1,2,5-trimethyl-3- pheny1-3-pyrazoline, b.p. l20130C/2O mm. Hg. B. 1 ,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-3-pyrazoline In a manner similar to that described in Procedure 3, Method II, treat chalcone with an equimolar quantity of l,2-dimethy1hydrazine in absolute ethanol in the presence of a catalytic quantity of p-toluenesulfonic acid. lsolate and purify the resultant produce in a manner similar to that described above to obtain l,2- dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-3-pyrazoline, b.p. 165C/0.05 mm. Hg.

EXAMPLE 1 1,2-Dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium Fumarate To 350 ml. of l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline in 3 ml. of ethanol, add a solution of 232 mg. of fumaric acid in 7 ml. of ethanol. Dilute the solution with anhydrous ethyl ether and allow the solution to stand at about 5C for 24 hours. Filter and dry the resultant precipitate comprising 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium fumarate: m.p. l62167C; yield 289 mg.

EXAMPLE 2 1,2,3-Trimethy1-4-phenylpyrazolium Fumarate Dissolve 1.9 g. of 1,2,3-trimethyl-4-phenyl-3- pyrazoline in 5 ml. of ethanol and add 1.16 g. of fumaric acid in 35 ml. of ethanol. Dilute the solution with ethyl ether to a volume of about 100 ml. and allow the solution to remain atabout 5C for 24 hours. Filter and dry the resultant precipitate comprising 1,2,3 trimethyl-4-phenylpyrazolium fumarate; m.p. 198200C; yield 1.406 g.

EXAMPLE 3 1 ,2,3-Trimethyl-4-( p-chlorophenyl )-pyrazolium Fumarate Dissolve 2.14 g. of l,2,3-trimethy1-4-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-pyrazoline in ethanol and add 1.1 16 g. of fumaric acid in 35 ml. of ethanol. Dilute the solution with ether to a volume of about 100C and allow the solution to stand at about 5C for 24 hours. Filter and dry the resultant precipitate comprising 1,2,3-trimethyl-4- (p-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolium fumarate; m.p. 156l73C. Purify further by recrystallizing from ethanol-ether to obtain 1,2,3-trimethyl-4 (pchlorophenyl)-pyrazolium fumarate; m.p. 19l192C (sinters C); yield 1.4 g.

' EXAMPLE 4 1,2,5-Trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium Bromide Hemihydrate Cool to 10C a solution of 27.0 g. of 1,2,5-trimethyl- 3-phenylpyrazoline in 250 ml. of chloroform. Slowly add a solution of 23 g. of bromine in 125 ml. of chloroform while maintaining the reaction temperature at 10C or below. After the addition of bromine is complete, evaporate the chloroform in a stream of nitrogen maintaining the solution at 40C. Crystallize the resultant residue from ethanol-ether to obtain 1,2,5- trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium bromide hemihydrate; m.p. l84l86C; yield 25.9 g.

Alternatively, by treating l,2,3-trimethyl-5-phenylpyrazoline with bromine in the above manner, there is obtained l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium bromide hemihydrate (identical to l ,2,3-trimethyl-5- phenylpyrazolium bromide hemihydrate).

EXAMPLE 5 l,2,5-Trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium Chloride To 25 g. of l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium bromide hemihydrate in 500 ml. of ethanol, add 40.5 g. of silver chloride. Heat the reaction mixture at reflux temperature for 4.5 hours, then cool and filter the reaction mixture. Concentrate the filtrate to a residue, add ether and separate by filtration the resultant precipitate comprising l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride. Purify by recrystallization three times from ethanolether. Dry at 120C in vacuo for 24 hours to obtain 14.8 g. of l ,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride; m.p. l98-199C. (This compound is hygroscopic.)

EXAMPLE 6 l,2,4-Trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium Chloride Monohydrate Dissolve 5 g. (0.0265 moles) of l,2,4-trimethyl-3- phenyl-3-pyrazoline in 35 ml. dry acetonitrile. Cool to l0C and add 7.5 g. (0.0265 moles) chlorotriphenylmethane keeping the temperature of the reaction mixture below 20C. Stir at room temperature around 18 hours, then filter the resultant precipitate comprising l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride; m.p. l40-l42C; yield 2.5 g. Purify by recrystallization from acetonitrile, then dry in vacuo at about 78C to obtain 1.85 g. of 1,2,4-trimethyl-3- phenylpyrazolium chloride monohydrate; m.p. l39l42C.

In a similar manner, treat each of l,2-diethyl-4- methyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline, l,2-di-( n-propy] )-4- methyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline, and l,2-di-(n-butyl)-4- methyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline in acetonitrile with chlorotriphenylmethane to obtain l,2-diethyl-4-methyl-3- phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2-di-(n-propyl )4- methyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, and l,2-di(nbutyl)-4-methyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, respectively.

EXAMPLE 7 l,2-Dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium Methyl Sulfate A. l-Methyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazole To 250 ml. of benzene, add 22 g. of l,3-diphenyl-l,3- propanedione and g. of methylhydrazine. Heat the reaction mixture at reflux temperature for 5 hours, eliminating the water from the reaction mixture by means of a Dean Stark trap. Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and dissolve the resultant residue in ether, then add dropwise an ethanolic solution of hydrogen chloride until no further precipitation occurs. Separate by filtration the resultant precipitate comprising l-methyl- 3,5-diphenylpyrazole hydrochloride; yield 27 g.; m.p. l70-l74C.

Dissolve the l-methyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazole hydrochloride in water and then bring the solution to neutrality by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise. Ex-

tract the solution with ether, then distill the combined extracts to a residue comprising lmethyl-3,5- diphenylpyrazole. Purify by crystallization from etherhexane; yield 14.3 g.; m.p. 5758C. B. l,2-Dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium Methyl Sul fate Add 3.1 g. of dimethyl sulfate to a solution of 4.7 g. of l-methyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazole and dissolve in 150 ml. of benzene. Boil the reaction mixture in an open flask until all the solvent has evaporated. Triturate the resultant residue with ether and filter the resultant precipitate comprising l ,2-dimethyl-3 ,5- diphenylpyrazolium methyl sulfate; yield 7.2 g.

Purify by recrystallization; m.p. l42-l 46C; yield 5.8 g.

EXAMPLE 8 l,2-Dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium Chloride To a stirred suspension of 50.4 g. triphenylchloromethane in 200 ml. of dry acetonitrile cooled to about 25C, add a solution of 3L4 g. of l,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline in 60 ml. of dry acetonitrile. An exothermic reaction takes place with the reaction mixture temperature rising to about 50C immediately cool the reaction mixture to 25C, then stir at room temperature for about 18 hours. Separate by filtration the resultant precipitate comprising 1 ,2-dimethyl-3- phenylpyrazolium chloride; m.p. l-l 92C (dec. yield 27 g.

Purify by recrystallization from acetonitrile; m.p. l90-l 92C; yield 21.4 g.

In similar manner, treat each of the following with triphenylchloromethane in dry acetonitrile: l,2,S-trimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl- 3-( p-tolyl )-3-pyrazoline l,2-dimethyl-3-( p-chlorophenyl )-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3-( p-fluorophenyl )-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3-( p-bromophenyl )-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3-( p-methoxyphenyl )3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3-( 2',4'-dimethylphenyl )-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3-( 3,4'-dimethylphenyl )-3-pyrazoline, 1,2-dimethyl-3-( m-tolyl )-3-pyrazoline, l,2-dimethyl-3-(o-tolyl )-3-pyrazoline, and l,2-dimethyl-3-( m-fluorophenyl)-3-pyrazoline.

isolate and purify the resultant products in a manner similar to that described to obtain, respectively: l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2-dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium chloride, l,2-dimethyl-3-( p-tolyl )-pyrazolium chloride, l,2-dimethyl-3-( p-chlorophenyl )-pyrazolium chloride,

l,2-dimethyl-3-(p-iluorophenyl )-pyrazolium chloride, 1 ,2-dimethyl-3-(p-bromophenyl )-pyrazolium chloride,

l,2-dimethyl-3-(p-methoxyphenyl l-pyrazolium chloride,

l ,2-dimethyl-3-( 2',4-dirnethylphenyl )-pyrazolium chloride,

l,2 dimethyl-3-( 3 ,4 -dimethylphenyl )-pyrazoliurn chloride,

1 ,2-dimethyl-3-(m-tolyl )-pyrazolium chloride, l,2-dimethyl-3-(o-tolyl )-pyrazolium chloride, and

l ,2-dimethyl-3-( m-fluorophenyl )-pyrazolium chloride.

EXAMPLE 9 1,2,3-Trimethyl-4-phenylpyrazolium Chloride Hemihydrate Cool to 15C a solution of g. of 1,2,3-trimethyl-4- phenyl-3-pyrazoline in 50 ml. dry acetonitrile. Add 7.5 g. of chlorotriphenyl'methane keeping the temperature of the reaction mixture below 15C. After an initial exothermic reaction, internal temperature rises to about 2023C. Cool the reaction mixture, then continue to stir the reaction mixture at room temperature for about 18 hours. Separate the resultant precipitate by filtration and wash the precipitate with ether and air dry to obtain a precipitate comprising 1,2,3-trimethyl-4- phenylpyrazolium chloride, m.p. 120l 50C; yield 5 g.

Purify by triturating with ether and twice recrystallizing the resultant precipitate from acetonitrile to obtain l,2,3-trimethyl-4-phenylpyrazolium chloride hemihydrate; m.p. l55-l57C (sinters 128C).

Similarly, treat 1,2,3-trimethyl-4-(p-chlorophenyl)- 3-pyrazoline with chlorotriphenylmethane in acetonitrile to obtain 1,2,3-trimethyl-4-(p-chlorophenyl)- pyrazolium chloride.

EXAMPLE l0 l,2-Dimethyl-3-(and/or 4)-arylpyrazolium lodides A. ,l ,2-Dimethyl-3,4-diphenylpyrazolium Iodide To 1 mole of 1-methyl-3,4-diphenylpyrazole, add 1.2 moles of methyl iodide and heat the mixture in a sealed tube at 100C for -15 hours. Dissolve the resultant product in anhydrous alcohol and add anhydrous ether. Separate by filtration the resultant precipitate comprising 1,2-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl-pyrazolium iodide; m.p. 200203C.

1n the above procedure by substituting for methyl iodide other lower alkyl iodides, e.g., ethyl iodide, npropyl iodide and n-butyl iodide, there is obtained the corresponding 1-methyl-2-1ower alkyl-pyrazolium salt, e.g., 1-methyl-2-ethyl-3,4-diphenylpyrazolium iodide, 1 -methyl-2-( n-propyl )-3,4-di-phenylpyrazolium iodide, and 1-methyl-2-(n-butyl)-3,4-diphenyl-pyrazolium iodide, respectively.

B. 1n a manner similar to that described in Example lO-A, heat the following l-methylpyrazoles in a sealed tube with an excess of methyl iodide: l-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole, l,4-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazole, l,4-dimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)-pyrazole, l,S-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazole, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyrazole, 1-methyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazole, 1,3-dimethyl-4-phenylpyrazole, and l,4,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazole.

Isolate and purify the resultant respective products produced in a manner similar to that described in Example l0-A hereinabove to obtain, respectively: l,Z-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium iodide, mp. 155C 1,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium iodide, m.p. 2l72l8C. l,2,4-trimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)-pyrazolium iodide, m.p. l80-183 C l,2,5-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium iodide, m.p. l87l 88C,

14 l ,2-dimethyl-4-phenylpyrazolium 210C, 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodide, m.p. l63166C, 1,2,3-trimethyl-4-phenylpyrazolium iodide, m.p. l36-138C, and l,2,4,S-tetramethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium iodide.

EXAMPLE 1 1 l ,2-Dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazolium Perchlorate iodide, m.p.

EXAMPLE l2 l,2-Dimethyl-3-benzyl-4-phenylpyrazolium lodide Dissolve equimolar quantities of dimethylhydrazine and the hydroxymethylene derivative of 1,3-diphenyl- Z-propanone in ethanol and add a slight excess of hydroiodic acid. Heat at reflux temperature for about 12 hours, then evaporate the solution invacuo to a residue comprising 1,2-dimethyll ,3-benzyl-4- phenylpyrazolium iodide; purify by recrystallizing from ethanol; m.p. l92195C.

EXAMPLE 13 l,2-Dimethyl-4-ethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium lodide In a manner similar to that described in Example 12, treat equimolar quantities of dimethylhydrazine and the hydroxymethylene derivative of butyrophenone in ethanol with a slight excess of hydroiodic acid. Heat the reaction mixture at reflux temperature for about 12 hours, then evaporate the solution in vacuo to a residue comprising l,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-3phenylpyrazolium iodide. Purify by recrystallization from ethanol; m.p. -140C.

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation of Hard-Shell Capsule Containing l ,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(p-tolyl )-pyrazolium lodide Capsule Formula mg/Capsule l,2,4 Trimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)- pyrazolium iodide 20.0 Lactose, Hycl ro us. U.S .P. 204.5 Magnesium Stearate, USP. 0.5 225.0

Blend and mill the 1,2,4-trimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)- pyrazolium iodide and lactose; add the magnesium stearate; mix; and till into hard gelatin capsules.

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation of Tablet Composition Containing l ,2,4-Trimethyl-l ,3-phenylpyrazolium Chloride Tablet Formula mg/Tablct l,2,4-Trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride 50.00 Monocalcium Phosphate, U.S.P. 3l.00 Lactose, U.S.P. lO0.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 8,00 Corn Starch, Food Grade (Dried) l8.00 $5. 9 Qiwfitta..- 2-00 Magnesium Stearate 2l0.00

Blend the l,2,4-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride with the monocalcium phosphate and lactose, granulate the blend using a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone, dry, reduce to granules of suitable size; add the corn starch, silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate', mix; and compress into tablets.

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of Tablet Composition Containing l,2-Dimethyl-B-phenylpyrazolium Chloride Tablet Formula mg/Tablct l,2,-Dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolium chloride l00.00 Confectioners Sugar, Food Grade 123.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 10.00 Corn Starch, Food Grade (Dried! 13 .00 fliggn Dioxidc 7 N A 2.00 Magnesium Stearate, U.S.P. 2.00 250.00

Prepare a damp mass consisting of the 1,2-dimethyl- B-phenylpyrazolium chloride, confectionery sugar and polyvinyl-pyrrolidine; dry; reduce to granules; add the corn starch, silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate; mix; and compress into tablets.

EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of Tablet Composition Containing l,2-Dimethyl-3,S-diphenylpyrazoline Methyl Sulfate Tablet Formula mg/Tablct l.2.-Dimethyl-3.S-diphcnylpyrazolium methyl sulfate 350.00 Calcium Sulfate. Dihydratc. U.S.P. ll0.00 Pregelatinized Corn Starch. Food Grade l5.00 St t-ch {Corn or lptutg}, Food Grade 52.50 Magnesium Stearate. U.S.P. 2.50 53I.00

wherein each of R and R is lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms; each of R R., and R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having up to 10 carbon atoms, benzyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by alkyl having one to four carbon atoms, and phenyl substituted by halogen or methoxy; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;

with the proviso that at least one of R R and R must be phenyl or phenyl substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl and methoxy.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein R and R are each methyl.

3. The composition of claim ll wherein R, and R are each methyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein R and R are each methyl and R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl.

5. The composition of claim I wherein R, and R are each methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl and R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl and methyl.

6. The composition of claim I wherein R and R are each methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl and methyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.

'7. The composition of claim 1 wherein R R and R are each methyl, R is phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is chloride.

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein R R and R are methyl. R is phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is chloride.

9. The composition of claim I wherein R, and R are each methyl, R and R are each phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is methyl sulfate.

10. The composition of claim 1 wherein R, and R are each methyl, R is phenyl, R and R are each hydrogen and X is chloride.

11. The composition of claim l wherein R and R are each methyl, R is p-tolyl, R is methyl, R is hydrogen and X is iodide.

12. The composition of claim 1; wherein R R and R are each methyl, R is phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is chloride.

13. The composition of claim l wherein R,, R R and R are each methyl, R is phenyl and X is iodide.

14. The composition of claim 1 wherein R and R are each methyl, R is ethyl, R is phenyl and X is iodide.

Ra Ra wherein each of R, and R is lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms; each of R R and R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having up to carbon atoms, benzyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by alkyl having one to four carbon atoms, and phenyl substituted by halogen or methoxy; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;

with the proviso that at least one of R R and R must be phenyl or phenyl substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl and methoxy.

16. The process of claim wherein R, and R are each methyl.

17. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.

18. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl, and R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl.

19. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl and R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and phenyl.

20. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and phenyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.

21. The process of claim 15 wherein R,, R and R are each methyl, R is phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is chloride.

22. The process of claim 15 wherein R,, R and R are methyl, R is phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is chloride.

23. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl, R and R are each phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is methyl sulfate.

24. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl, R is phenyl, R and R are hydrogen and X is chloride.

25. The process of claim 15 wherein R,, R and R,, are each methyl, R is p-tolyl, R is hydrogen and X is iodide.

26. The process of claim 15 wherein R,, R and R are each methyl, R is phenyl, R is hydrogen and X is chloride.

27. The process of claim 15 wherein R,, R,, R,, and R are each methyl, R is phenyl and X is iodide.

28. The process of claim 15 wherein R, and R are each methyl, R is ethyl, R is phenyl and X is iodide.

b ixeeslrxpyrazo ines y-z- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 5,818,096

DATED June 18, 197 i iNvE'NTORiS) 1 Margaret H. Sherlock It is certified that errorappears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Page 1, inventor name, "Margaret Sherlock" should read --Margaret H. Sherlock--. Column 1, line #5, under Formula I should read --I--. Column line 8, "furmaric acid" should read --fumaric acid--. Column 5, line 2 L, "preparaing l,2-" should read --preparing l,2---. Column 6 line 16 "pyrozolines Column 10, line 16, "resultant produce" should read --resultant product-. Column 10, line 25 "550 ml. of" should read ----550 mg. of--. Column 1 line 56, "l,2-dimethyl-l,5 -benzyl" should read --l,2-dimethyl- 5 benzyl--. Column 15, line 2, Example 15, "1,5-phenylpyrazolium" should read --3 -phenylpyrazolium---. Column 17, line 32, Claim 18, and R is a" should read ---and R is a.--.

Signed and Scaled this sixteenth Day of December 1975 [SEAL] A ttest:

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer Commissioner ofPatenu and Trademarks 

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl.
 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl and R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl.
 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R4 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl and R5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl and methyl.
 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R4 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, R5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl and methyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.
 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1R2 and R5 are each methyl, R3 is phenyl, R4 is hydrogen and X is chloride.
 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are methyl, R3 is phenyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is chloride.
 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 and R5 are each phenyl, R4 is hydrogen and X is methyl sulfate.
 10. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is phenyl, R4 and R5 are each hydrogen and X is chloride.
 11. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is p-tolyl, R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is iodide.
 12. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each methyl, R4 is phenyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is chloride.
 13. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1, R2, R4 and R5 are each methyl, R3 is phenyl and X is iodide.
 14. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R4 is ethyl, R3 is phenyl and X is iodide.
 15. A process for lowering of blood sugar levels in warm blooded animal subjects suffering from hyperglycemia which comprises orally administering to such subjects an effective blood sugar lowering amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of a 1,2-dilower alkyl arlypyrazolium quaternary salt of the followiNg formula:
 16. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl.
 17. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.
 18. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, and R5 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl.
 19. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R4 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl and R5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and phenyl.
 20. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl and phenyl substituted by methyl, R4 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, R5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and phenyl and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable halide.
 21. The process of claim 15 wherein R1, R2 and R5 are each methyl, R3 is phenyl, R4 is hydrogen and X is chloride.
 22. The process of claim 15 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are methyl, R3 is phenyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is chloride.
 23. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 and R5 are each phenyl, R4 is hydrogen and X is methyl sulfate.
 24. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is phenyl, R4 and R5 are hydrogen and X is chloride.
 25. The process of claim 15 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are each methyl, R3 is p-tolyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is iodide.
 26. The process of claim 15 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each methyl, R4 is phenyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is chloride.
 27. The process of claim 15 wherein R1, R2, R4 and R5 are each methyl, R3 is phenyl and X is iodide.
 28. The process of claim 15 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R4 is ethyl, R3 is phenyl and X is iodide. 